PRESENT PERFECT

The Present Perfect INGLES – STRUCTURE / SYNTAX

Positive form
SUBJECT + [HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT
CHART #3

Subject	Auxiliary	Past Participle	Complement
I/we/you/they	have	been	to Brazil
He/She/It	has	Eaten	Sushi

Negative form
SUBJECT + [HAVEN'T / HASN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT
CHAR T#4

Subject	Auxiliary	Past Participle	Complement
I/we/you/they	haven’t	been	to Brazil
He/She/It	hasn’t	eaten	Sushi

Question form
Question word + [HAVE / HAS + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE] + COMPLEMENT
CHART #5

Question Word	Auxiliary	Subject	Past Participle	Complement
What countries	have	I/we/you/they	been	to?
———————	Has	He/she/it	eaten	Sushi?

Contractions:

He/she/it + has = he’s/she’s/it’s
I/we/you/they + have = I’ve/we’ve/you’ve/they’ve

Short Answers (Yes/no answers)
CHART #6

Positive	Negative
Yes, I/we/you/they have	No. I/we/you/they haven’t
Yes, he/she/it has	No, he/she/it hasn’t